MySQL Errors in PHP

<?php
$pdo = require __DIR__ . '/db.php';

try {
    $pdo->query('SELECT missing_column FROM products');
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    echo 'getCode():       ', $e->getCode(), "\n";                 // the SQLSTATE
    echo 'errorInfo[0]:    ', $e->errorInfo[0], "\n";             // SQLSTATE (5 characters)
    echo 'errorInfo[1]:    ', $e->errorInfo[1], "\n";             // the MySQL error number
    echo 'errorInfo[2]:    ', $e->errorInfo[2], "\n";             // the message text
}

getCode():       42S22
errorInfo[0]:    42S22
errorInfo[1]:    1054
errorInfo[2]:    Unknown column 'missing_column' in 'field list'

<?php
$pdo = require __DIR__ . '/db.php';

function friendlyMessage(PDOException $e): ?string
{
    return match ($e->errorInfo[1] ?? 0) {
        1062    => 'That value is already in use.',
        1451    => 'This record is still used by other records.',
        1452    => 'The related record does not exist.',
        1048    => 'A required value is missing.',
        1406    => 'One of the values is too long.',
        default => null,           // not a user mistake: let the caller log it and show a general message
    };
}

$attempts = [
    ['INSERT INTO customers (name, email) VALUES ("Dup", "maya@example.com")'],
    ['DELETE FROM customers WHERE id = 1'],
    ['INSERT INTO customers (name, email) VALUES (NULL, "n@example.com")'],
    ['INSERT INTO customers (name, email) VALUES (REPEAT("x", 80), "long@example.com")'],
    ['SELECT nothing FROM customers'],
];
foreach ($attempts as [$sql]) {
    try {
        $pdo->exec($sql);
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        echo $e->errorInfo[1], ' => ', friendlyMessage($e) ?? '(general error, log it)', "\n";
    }
}

1062 => That value is already in use.
1451 => This record is still used by other records.
1048 => A required value is missing.
1406 => One of the values is too long.
1054 => (general error, log it)

<?php
$pdo = require __DIR__ . '/db.php';

try {
    $pdo->query('SELECT * FROM missing_table');
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    error_log(sprintf('[db] code=%s sqlstate=%s msg=%s', $e->errorInfo[1], $e->errorInfo[0], $e->errorInfo[2]));
    http_response_code(500);
    echo "Sorry, something went wrong. Please try again later.\n";
}

Sorry, something went wrong. Please try again later.